CAFE: an integrated web app for high-dimensional analysis and visualization in spectral flow cytometry

Bioinformatics. 2025 Jun 2;41(6):btaf176. doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btaf176.

Abstract

Motivation: Spectral flow cytometry provides greater insights into cellular heterogeneity by simultaneous measurement of up to 50 markers. However, analysing such high-dimensional (HD) data is complex through traditional manual gating strategy. To address this gap, we developed CAFEs (Cell Analyzer for Flow Experiments) as an open-source Python-based web application with a graphical user interface. Built with Streamlit, CAFE incorporates libraries such as Scanpy for single-cell analysis, Pandas and PyArrow for efficient data handling, and Matplotlib, Seaborn, Plotly for creating customizable figures. Its robust toolset includes density-based downsampling, dimensionality reduction, batch correction, Leiden-based clustering, cluster merging, and annotation.

Results: Using CAFE, we demonstrated analysis of a human PBMC dataset of 350 000 cells identifying 16 distinct cell clusters. CAFE can generate publication-ready figures in real time via interactive slider controls and dropdown menus, eliminating the need for coding expertise and making HD data analysis accessible to all.

Availability and implementation: CAFE is licensed under MIT and is freely available at https://github.com/mhbsiam/cafe.

MeSH terms

  • Cluster Analysis
  • Flow Cytometry* / methods
  • Humans
  • Internet
  • Software*
  • User-Computer Interface