From Wearables to Implantables: Harnessing sensor technologies for continuous health monitoring

IEEE Trans Biomed Circuits Syst. 2025 May 9:PP. doi: 10.1109/TBCAS.2025.3568754. Online ahead of print.

Abstract

Continuous health monitoring by placing sensors onto and into the human body has emerged as a pivotal approach in healthcare. This paper delves into the vast array of opportunities presented by instrumenting the body using wearable, ingestible, injectable, and implantable sensors. These sensors enable the continuous monitoring of vital signs, biomarkers, and other crucial health metrics, thus assessing an individual's physiological state. This comprehensive health data empowers healthcare providers and individuals alike to make informed decisions and take timely action. Moreover, integrating sensors into the human body enables personalized medicine, enhances disease detection and management, and offers possibilities for proactive health interventions and preventive care to improve overall well-being.