Acceptability and Feasibility of Remote PrEP Visits for Adolescent Girls and Young Women in South Africa

Makhosazane Nomhle Ndimande-Khoza; Jennifer Velloza; Hlukelo Chauke; Lisa Mills; Nicole Poovan; Nontokozo Ndlovu; Tessa Concepcion; Sybil Hosek; Connie Celum; Sinead Delany-Moretlwe

doi:10.1007/s10461-025-04705-y

Acceptability and Feasibility of Remote PrEP Visits for Adolescent Girls and Young Women in South Africa

AIDS Behav. 2025 May 13. doi: 10.1007/s10461-025-04705-y. Online ahead of print.

Affiliations

¹ Wits RHI, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 22 Esselen Street, Hillbrow, Johannesburg, 2000, South Africa. nkhoza@cartafrica.org.
² Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
³ Wits RHI, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 22 Esselen Street, Hillbrow, Johannesburg, 2000, South Africa.
⁴ Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
⁵ Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
⁶ Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
⁷ Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.

PMID: 40355670
DOI: 10.1007/s10461-025-04705-y

Abstract

The World Health Organization recommends differentiated service delivery (DSD) models for HIV prevention, including alternatives to clinic-based PrEP services. This study assessed the acceptability and feasibility of remote PrEP delivery-including HIV and pregnancy self-testing, and phone-based adherence counselling-among adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) in Johannesburg. The research was nested within the PrEP SMART trial (2019-2022), which evaluated scalable adherence support strategies for AGYW aged 18-25. During COVID-19 lockdowns, PrEP refills and testing kits were delivered to participants' homes, and counselling was provided by phone. Using a phenomenological qualitative method, we conducted in-depth interviews with AGYW (n = 14) who had the option to complete remote PrEP visits (accepting or declining), study staff (n = 12), and key informants (n = 10) involved in PrEP programming. Thematic analysis explored experiences of remote delivery, focusing on acceptability and feasibility. AGYW found remote PrEP visits convenient, empowering, and time-saving. Procedures such as self-testing and phone counselling were generally acceptable, though some expressed anxiety about performing tests incorrectly and concerns over privacy, stigma, and unintentional disclosure of PrEP use at home. About half still preferred clinic-based visits. Staff and key informants recognized benefits, but highlighted challenges related to cost, sustainability, and provider workload. Suggestions for improvement included integrating contraception and partnering with community organizations. In conclusion, remote PrEP delivery is acceptable and feasible for many AGYW but not universally suitable. These findings support the inclusion of remote PrEP options in DSD models, with attention to privacy concerns and support for self-testing in this age group.

Keywords: Adolescent girls and young women; Differentiated service delivery; HIV self-testing; PrEP; Remote health care services; South Africa.

Acceptability and Feasibility of Remote PrEP Visits for Adolescent Girls and Young Women in South Africa

Authors

Affiliations

Abstract

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