Objective: To evaluate the levels and source of cadmium exposure by dietary pathway among middle-aged and elderly people ≥40 in cadmium-contaminated areas of China. Methods: A total of 7 193 people aged 40-89 years from four typical cadmium-contaminated areas in China were selected as the study subjects. Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), Total Diet Study (TDS) and a 3-day-24-hour dietary recall survey were conducted. Dietary cadmium intake and food sources through dietary pathways were assessed based on cadmium content in foods, consumption amounts and intake frequencies. Results: The mean age of the participants was 63.39±12.21 years, with 50.05% being males. The average monthly dietary cadmium intake was 7.39 μg/(kg·BW). Staple foods and vegetables were the primary sources of dietary cadmium intake, accounting for 57.51% and 32.48%, respectively. The monthly dietary cadmium intake in all surveyed regions did not exceed the Provisional Tolerable Monthly Intake (PTMI) recommended by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA). Conclusion: The monthly dietary cadmium intake among middle-aged and elderly people in cadmium-contaminated areas of China is relatively low, with the risk remaining at an acceptable level. Staple foods and vegetables are the most significant contributors to dietary cadmium intake.
目的： 评估我国镉污染地区≥40岁中老年人群经膳食途径的镉暴露水平及食物来源。 方法： 选择我国4个土壤镉污染典型地区的7 193名40~89岁人群作为调查对象，开展膳食频率调查、总膳食研究和3 d 24 h的膳食回顾性调查。基于膳食镉含量、各类食物摄入量和进食频次评估对象经膳食途径的镉摄入量及食物来源。 结果： 研究对象年龄为（63.39±12.21）岁，男性占50.05%。研究对象每月经膳食途径的镉摄入量均值为7.39 μg/（kg·BW），膳食镉主要来源为主食和蔬菜类食物，分别占57.51%和32.48%；调查地区人群膳食途径每月镉摄入量均未超过联合国粮农组织和世界卫生组织食品添加剂联席专家委员会推荐的镉的暂定每月耐受摄入量。 结论： 我国镉污染地区中老年人群经膳食途径的每月镉摄入量较低，风险在可接受水平；主食和蔬菜类食物对于膳食镉摄入的贡献最大。.