Assessment of Novel Boron-doped Mesoporous Bioactive Glass Nanoparticles Loaded Alginate Hydrogel in Dogs

Marwa Samir Naga; Elbadawy Abdel Aziz Kamoun; Maha Abdel Moaty; Ahmed Zaki Ghareeb; Mona Mohy El Din; Samia Soliman Abdel Rehim Omar

doi:10.1016/j.identj.2025.04.008

Assessment of Novel Boron-doped Mesoporous Bioactive Glass Nanoparticles Loaded Alginate Hydrogel in Dogs

Int Dent J. 2025 May 15;75(4):100828. doi: 10.1016/j.identj.2025.04.008. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Marwa Samir Naga¹, Elbadawy Abdel Aziz Kamoun², Maha Abdel Moaty³, Ahmed Zaki Ghareeb⁴, Mona Mohy El Din³, Samia Soliman Abdel Rehim Omar⁵

Affiliations

¹ Dental Biomaterials Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt. Electronic address: marwa.naga.dent@alexu.edu.eg.
² Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; Polymeric Materials Research Department, Advanced Technology and New Materials Research Institute (ATNMRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg Al-Arab 21934, Alexandria, Egypt. Electronic address: ekamoun@kfu.edu.sa.
³ Dental Biomaterials Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
⁴ Centre of Excellence for Drug Preclinical Studies (CE-DPS), Pharmaceutical and Fermentation Industry Development Centre, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, New Borg El Arab, Alexandria, Egypt.
⁵ Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.

Abstract

Introduction: Dentin regeneration is pivotal to preserve tooth vitality. This study aims to evaluate, histologically, the dentine regenerative potential of a novel injectable boron-doped, mesoporous, bioactive glass nanoparticle (BMBGNPs) loaded alginate hydrogel in dogs METHODS: The formulation and optimisation of the novel alginate/BMBG NPs (20 wt. %) loaded composite hydrogel were performed. Next, 66 teeth of 3 dogs were allocated into 3 groups (each including 22 teeth) according to post-operative follow-up period: group I: 2 weeks, group II: 4 weeks, and group III: 8 weeks. Each group was further subdivided according to pulpotomy filling material into two subgroups, with subgroup 1 (alginate/BMBGNPs (20 wt. %) loaded hydrogel) and subgroup 2 mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). Pulp chambers were mechanically exposed through class V cavities. A complete pulpotomy was executed. The tested materials were positioned on the radicular pulp and finally covered with resin composite restorations. One dog was sacrificed after 2, 4, and 8 weeks. Teeth were prepared for histological evaluation assessing inflammatory cell response, pulp tissue organisation, and dentin bridge formation. The Mann-Whitney U test was employed to evaluate the scores of histological parameters between tested materials (P ≤ .05).

Results: Alginate/BMBG NPs (20 wt. %) loaded hydrogel showed normal pulp configuration at 2 and 4 weeks, which was enhanced after 8 weeks (P ≤ .05). Moderate inflammatory reaction was noted at 2 weeks, which was improved after 4 and 8 weeks (P ≤ .05). MTA group demonstrated less favourable pulpal response and inflammatory reaction with a statistically significant difference across all observational periods (P ≤ .05). After 8 weeks all teeth in group 1 exhibited the thickest dentin bridge (P ≤ .05).

Conclusions: Alginate/BMBG NPs (20 wt. %) loaded hydrogel offers the promise of regenerating dentin and maintaining pulp vitality reaching the desired level as an alternative to MTA.

Clinical relevance: Alginate/BMBG NP loaded hydrogel is an alternative, reliable option for vital pulp therapy.

Keywords: Alginate hydrogel; Boron; Dentin regeneration; Mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles; Regenerative pulpotomy; Vital pulp therapy.