IFN-γ-resistant CD28 CAR T cells demonstrate increased survival, efficacy, and durability in multiple murine tumor models

Sci Transl Med. 2025 Jun 4;17(801):eadp8166. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adp8166. Epub 2025 Jun 4.

Abstract

Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) plays complex and, sometimes, contradictory roles in cancer, which can affect patient responses to treatments such as immunotherapies. We recently demonstrated that IFN-γ production by chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells is not required for efficacy in hematologic tumor models, whereas IFN-γ receptor (IFN-γR) signaling in solid tumor cells facilitates CAR T cell adhesion and antigen-specific cytotoxicity. Here, we show that IFN-γ induces apoptosis of CAR T cells bearing a CD28 intracellular signaling domain, which can be reduced through targeting of IFN-γ or IFN-γR. In hematologic malignancies, knockout of IFN-γR (IFN-γRKO) in CAR T cells increased their persistence without compromising efficacy. In xenograft and syngeneic solid tumor models, IFN-γR knockout CAR T cells displayed more potent tumor control, prolonged survival, and improved T cell memory that conferred protection from tumor rechallenge. RNA sequencing of tumor-infiltrating IFN-γRKO CAR T cells derived from tumor-bearing mice revealed increased cell death in tumor cells. Collectively, these data show that inhibition of IFN-γ signaling can increase the expansion and antitumor activity of CD28-based CAR T cells in liquid and solid tumors.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Apoptosis / drug effects
  • CD28 Antigens* / immunology
  • CD28 Antigens* / metabolism
  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • Cell Survival / drug effects
  • Disease Models, Animal
  • Humans
  • Immunotherapy, Adoptive
  • Interferon gamma Receptor
  • Interferon-gamma* / metabolism
  • Interferon-gamma* / pharmacology
  • Mice
  • Receptors, Chimeric Antigen* / metabolism
  • Receptors, Interferon / metabolism
  • T-Lymphocytes* / drug effects
  • T-Lymphocytes* / immunology
  • Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays

Substances

  • Interferon-gamma
  • CD28 Antigens
  • Receptors, Chimeric Antigen
  • Receptors, Interferon
  • Interferon gamma Receptor