The presence of microorganisms in food, especially meat, requires strict monitoring to prevent disease and contamination. Among the most relevant bacteria is Escherichia coli, which is widely associated with meat products. The aim of this study was to carry out a systematic literature review focused on the detection of Escherichia coli in meat. The review covered studies published between 2021 and 2024, in English, Spanish and Portuguese. Data collection was carried out through CAPES Electronic Journals, using three databases: Scopus, Virtual Health Library (BIREME) and Web of Science. Initially, 149 articles were identified, of which 34 were excluded due to duplication in the databases. Thus, 115 articles were selected for the reading of titles and abstracts, resulting in the exclusion of 79 articles that did not meet the inclusion criteria. This left 36 articles for eligibility assessment, 20 of which were excluded because they did not specifically detect E. coli in meat. Finally, 16 articles were included in the review. The results reveal a significant prevalence of E. coli in meat products, highlighting the need for strict sanitary control practices throughout the production chain, from animal husbandry to final meat processing. The analysis also indicates that chicken and beef have a higher incidence of E. coli compared to pork and fish, underlining the importance of specific monitoring for these types of meat.