Objective: To investigate the relationship between dietary behavior and sarcopenia in older adults aged ≥65 years in longevity areas of China based on latent class analysis. Methods: A total of 4 358 older adults aged ≥65 years were selected from the 2021 Healthy Aging and Biomarkers Cohort Study. The information about their demographic characteristics, lifestyles, and chronic disease histories were collected. A simplified food frequency questionnaire was used to collect information about their dietary intake in the last month. The food intake frequency and food category score were calculated, and the higher the food category score, the richer the dietary intake. Latent class analysis was used to identify the latent classes of the dietary behavior. Sarcopenia was diagnosed using the SARC-CalF. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the association of food category scores and different latent classes of the dietary behavior with the risk for sarcopenia. Results: In 4 358 older adults, 1 841 (42.24%) had sarcopenia. The frequencies of intakes of cereals and potatoes, vegetable and fruit, meat and bean products were lower in the sarcopenia group than in the non-sarcopenia group. The risk for sarcopenia decreased with the increase of food category score in older adults (OR=0.850, 95%CI: 0.796-0.907). Latent class analysis identified 4 latent classes of the dietary behavior. Compared with those with class 1 (frequency of intake of all 5 food species was higher probability in T3 group), those with class 2 (frequency of intake of vegetables and fruits and energy-only foods were less likely to be in the T3 group) and class 3 (frequency of intake of all 5 food species was lower probability in T3 group) had significantly increased risk for sarcopenia (OR=1.377, 95%CI: 1.131-1.676) and (OR=1.354, 95%CI: 1.091-1.680), 37.7% and 35.4% increased risk for sarcopenia, respectively. Conclusion: Increasing dietary intake category and sufficient intake of various foods for a balanced dietary pattern can reduce the risk of sarcopenia in older adults.
目的： 基于潜在类别分析探讨膳食行为和中国长寿地区≥65岁老年人肌少症之间的关系。 方法： 纳入4 358名中国老年健康生物标志物队列研究2021年调查的≥65岁老年人。收集老年人的人口学特征、生活方式和慢性病史等信息，通过简易食物频率问卷收集研究对象既往1个月的膳食摄入行为的相关数据。计算各类食物摄入频率以及构建食物摄入种类评分，食物摄入种类评分越高，老年人膳食摄入种类越齐全。运用潜在类别分析明确老年人膳食行为的潜在类别。肌少症通过SARC-CalF量表进行诊断。采用多因素logistic回归模型分析食物摄入种类评分及不同膳食行为与老年人肌少症之间的关联。 结果： 4 358名老年人中，1 841名（42.24%）患肌少症。肌少症组老年人谷薯类、蔬菜水果类、动物性食物、大豆坚果类食物摄入频率低于非肌少症组老年人。随着食物摄入种类评分的增加，老年人肌少症患病风险降低（OR=0.850，95%CI：0.796~0.907）。基于潜在类别分析识别了4种膳食行为潜在类别。与5类食物摄入频率处于T3组均概率较高的膳食行为类别（类别1）老年人相比，蔬菜水果类和纯能量食物摄入频率处于T3组概率较低的膳食行为类别（类别2）老年人肌少症发生风险增加37.7%（OR=1.377，95%CI：1.131~1.676），5类食物的摄入频率处于T3组均概率较低的膳食行为类别（类别3）老年人肌少症发生风险增加35.4%（OR=1.354，95%CI：1.091~1.680）。 结论： 增加老年人摄入膳食种类且各种类食物摄入达到较高频率而形成的平衡膳食行为，可降低老年人肌少症的发生风险。.