Objective: To explore the relationship between different types of physical activities and health longevity among older adults aged≥75 years in China. Methods: The study participants were from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS). There were 11 357 older participants who were≥75 years old and met the criteria of being able to achieve longevity (≥90 years) at the last follow-up in 2018. To assess whether healthy longevity was achieved at the endpoint of follow-up, the participants were categorized into healthy longevity group and control group. Healthy longevity was defined as participants living to≥90 years while maintaining health across five functional domains, including activities of daily living, mental health, cognitive function, as well as visual and hearing functions. Logistic regression models were used to analyze the effect of three types of physical activities including regular exercise, leisure activities and physical labor on healthy longevity. Results: Of all the participants, 729 (6.4%) were in healthy longevity group, aged (85.4±3.3) years, 417 (57.2%) male, and 10 628 (93.6%) were in control group, aged (83.2±3.7) years, 5 352 (50.4%) male. The proportion of regular exercise [40.5% (295/729) vs 32.7% (3 474/10 628)] and high leisure activity levels [56.9% (415/729) vs 43.6% (4 639/10 628)] were higher in the healthy longevity group than in the control group (all P<0.05). The results showed that regular exercise increased the likelihood of achieving healthy longevity by 35% (OR=1.35, 95%CI: 1.13-1.61), whereas leisure activity could increase it by 94% (OR=1.94, 95%CI: 1.64-2.31). Physical labor was not found to be statistically significant (OR=1.07,95%CI:0.86-1.33, P=0.818). In addition, there was a joint effect among different physical activities. The OR (95%CI) for achieving healthy longevity by participating in both regular exercise and high levels of leisure activity was 2.46 (1.98-3.06), compared to participants with no regular exercise and low levels of leisure activity. The OR (95%CI) for the combined effect of regular exercise and physical labor to achieve healthy longevity for participants was 1.44 (1.06-1.94), compared to participatnts with no regular exercise and no physical labor. The OR (95%CI) for the combined effect of physical labor and high leisure activity levels to enable participants to achieve healthy longevity was 2.09 (1.51-2.91), using non-participation in physical labor and low leisure activity levels as a reference. Conclusions: Taking part in exercise and a higher level of leisure activities at the same time are most beneficial to healthy longevity for the older adults aged 75 and above.
目的： 探讨我国≥75岁老年人不同类型身体活动与健康长寿的关联。 方法： 研究纳入1998—2018年中国老年健康影响因素跟踪调查队列研究（CLHLS）中至2018年末次随访调查时达到长寿（≥90岁）的≥75岁11 357名老年人，评估随访终点时是否达到健康长寿，分为健康长寿组和对照组。健康长寿定义为年龄≥90岁且在5个功能领域（包括日常生活自理能力、心理、认知功能、视觉和听觉功能）保持健康。采用logistic回归模型分析3种类型身体活动（规律锻炼、休闲活动和体力劳动）与≥75岁老年人健康长寿的关联。 结果： 健康长寿组729名（6.4%），基线年龄为（85.4±3.3）岁，男417名（57.2%）；对照组10 628名（93.6%），基线年龄为（83.2±3.7）岁，男5 352名（50.4%）。健康长寿组规律锻炼［40.5%（295/729）比32.7%（3 474/10 628）］、高休闲活动水平［56.9%（415/729）比43.6%（4 639/10 628）］占比均高于对照组（均P<0.05）。规律锻炼可使达到健康长寿的可能性增加35%（OR=1.35，95%CI：1.13~1.61），而高休闲活动水平可使达到健康长寿的可能性增加94%（OR=1.94，95%CI：1.64~2.31），体力劳动与健康长寿的关联无统计学意义（OR=1.07，95%CI：0.86~1.33，P=0.818）。不同身体活动之间存在联合作用，以不参加规律锻炼以及低休闲活动水平为参照，同时参与规律锻炼以及高休闲活动水平达到健康长寿的OR值（95%CI）为2.46（1.98~3.06）；以不参加规律锻炼和不参加体力劳动为参照，规律锻炼和体力劳动联合作用使参与者达到健康长寿的OR值（95%CI）为1.44（1.06~1.94）；以不参加体力劳动和低休闲活动水平为参照，体力劳动和高休闲活动水平联合使参与者达到健康长寿的OR值（95%CI）为2.09（1.51~2.91）。 结论： 75岁及以上老年人同时参与规律锻炼与高休闲活动水平更有可能健康长寿。.