Clinical Implications of Lymph Node Thyroglobulin in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Metastases: Independent from Thyroglobulin Antibody Interference

Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Jun 1;26(11):5340. doi: 10.3390/ijms26115340.

Abstract

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) frequently involves cervical lymph node (LN) metastases and is a major determinant of prognosis and recurrence. However, cytology alone has limitations. Fine-needle aspiration thyroglobulin (FNA-Tg) has emerged as a promising diagnostic marker, although its cutoff value remains controversial, particularly in patients with thyroglobulin antibodies (TgAbs). We retrospectively analyzed 63 LNs of 60 patients with PTC at a single medical center. Patients underwent FNA-Tg measurements and concurrent cytological evaluation. Diagnostic performance metrics, including sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value, and overall accuracy, were evaluated; the cutoff value was determined; and the potential influence of factors such as TgAb on FNA-Tg levels was investigated. A cutoff value of 4.23 ng/mL for FNA-Tg achieved 100% sensitivity and 90.2% specificity, with an overall accuracy of 93.6%. TgAb positivity did not significantly affect the diagnostic performance in patients with FNA-Tg. FNA-Tg might be useful for detecting local LN recurrence and providing valuable diagnostic insights, particularly in patients with residual thyroid tissue or positive TgAbs.

Keywords: cervical lymph node metastasis; fine-needle aspiration thyroglobulin (FNA-Tg); thyroid cancer; washout thyroglobulin.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Autoantibodies* / immunology
  • Biomarkers, Tumor
  • Biopsy, Fine-Needle
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Lymph Nodes* / metabolism
  • Lymph Nodes* / pathology
  • Lymphatic Metastasis / pathology
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Sensitivity and Specificity
  • Thyroglobulin* / immunology
  • Thyroglobulin* / metabolism
  • Thyroid Cancer, Papillary* / diagnosis
  • Thyroid Cancer, Papillary* / metabolism
  • Thyroid Cancer, Papillary* / pathology
  • Thyroid Neoplasms* / diagnosis
  • Thyroid Neoplasms* / metabolism
  • Thyroid Neoplasms* / pathology

Substances

  • Thyroglobulin
  • Autoantibodies
  • anti-thyroglobulin
  • Biomarkers, Tumor