To compare the quality and nutritional differences of crayfish under freshwater and saline-alkali water aquaculture conditions, this study systematically analyzed the biochemical composition, physical properties, and nutritional evaluation of crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) cultivated in saline-alkali water (PC-SW) and freshwater aquaculture (PC-FW), respectively. The results showed that crayfish from PC-SW had higher crude protein, crude fat, water content, and ash content. At the same time, PC-SW had a higher meat yield (16.18 ± 0.74%) than PC-FW (p < 0.05), with no significant changes in the head weight ratio or hepatopancreas weight ratio, indicating superior crayfish quality. The trace element content of PC-SW differed significantly from that of PC-FW (p < 0.05), with the exception of Cu. To some extent, the amino acid and fatty acid compositions were similar. The no essential amino acids content of crayfish cultivated under freshwater and saline-alkali conditions was higher than the essential amino acids content. The total branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) content was higher than the total aromatic amino acids (AACs) content in both groups; however, the BCAA to AAC ratio was similar, at approximately 2.14. The essential amino acid index results were 69.01 and 68.02, respectively. Finally, betaine and nucleotide concentrations increased and geosmin content was significantly reduced in PC-SW (3.13 ± 0.09 μg/kg) compared to PC-FW (4.32 ± 0.09 μg/kg) (p < 0.05), implying that PC-SW crayfish had a better flavor. Our findings revealed that cultivating crayfish under saline-alkali conditions can significantly improve the nutritional quality and flavor of muscle.
Keywords: Procambarus clarkii; amino acid composition; flavor compounds; nutrition profiles; quality analysis; saline-alkali aquaculture.