Effects of deferred prosecution on psychological well-being in individuals with substance use disorders

Abstract

Deferred prosecution treatment is a legally restrictive alternative to incarceration for individuals with substance use disorders (SUDs). The present study examined efficacy of treatment, and psychological outcomes in individuals undergoing deferred prosecution. We evaluated patients with SUDs under deferred prosecution by retrospectively reviewing their treatment records over three years. Outcome measures and predictors were assessed through pre- and posttreatment psychological evaluations. Statistical analyses included Pearson's chi-squared test, independent t-test, generalized estimating equations (GEEs), and descriptive statistics to analyze the predictive effects of deferred prosecution. Significant reductions were observed in Drug Abuse Screening Test (DAST), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) scores post-treatment, but no significant changes in self-efficacy. Predictors of high DAST scores included revoked deferred prosecution, positive urinalysis, higher education, and incarceration history. GEE results showed lower self-efficacy among those with revoked deferred prosecution. Additionally, comorbid medical conditions predicted higher BDI and BAI scores. Deferred prosecution treatment can reduce substance use and improve psychological outcomes, particularly when structured support is provided. Tailoring interventions to address legal and medical challenges can enhance the recovery of patients with SUDs, and the study results can inform legal and health-care strategies, providing benefits for individuals with SUDs.

Keywords: Anxiety; Deferred prosecution; Recidivism; Self-efficacy; Substance use disorder.