Objective: The clinical symptoms of children with global developmental delay (GDD) were analyzed to provide the scientific basis for the intervention of children with GDD. Methods: The results of the neuro-psychobehavioral scale were collected from 32 511 children with GDD from June 2020 to November 2023. Inclusion criteria: Children diagnosed with GDD according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-V, ages 0.0 to 4.9 years. Exclusion criteria: children with common hearing impairment and visual impairment. The Chi-square tests were used for statistical analysis. Results: There were more boys than girls with GDD in outpatient clinics (68.2% vs. 31.8%). Among the children, the proportion of developmental delay in 5, 4, 3, and 2 domains was 31.1%, 23.4%, 22.9% and 22.6% respectively. The rate of delay in 2-3 domains was lower in boys (41.9%) than in girls (53.1%). The rate of delay in 4-5 domains was higher in boys (58.1%) than in girls (46.9%) (χ2=352.11, P<0.001). Overall, outpatient GDD decreased with age. From 1.0-1.9 to 4.0-4.9 years of age, the proportion of children with developmental delay in 5 domains increased with age (18.2%, 36.4%, 43.9%, 52.4%). Among children aged 0.0-0.9 years, the proportion of 2 domains of developmental delay was higher (33.4%).Among children aged 1.0-1.9 years, the proportion of 2-3 domains of developmental delay was higher (30.7%). Among children aged 2.0-, 3.0-, 4.0-4.9 years, the proportion of developmental delay in 5 domains was higher (36.4%, 43.9%, 52.4%). In children with GDD, the fine motor delay occurred most frequently (85.1%), followed by social self-care (83.9%), language (79.0%), adaptation (62.3%), and gross motor (52.8%). The frequency of developmental delays in fine motor, adaptability, language, and social self-care in boys was higher than that in girls (χ2=161.37, χ2=41.10, χ2=320.90, χ2=238.54, all P<0.001). The age groups with the highest delay incidence of gross motor, fine motor, adaptability, language, and social self-care were: 4.0-4.9 years (70.6%), 3.0-3.9 years (97.4%), 4.0-4.9 years (81.2%), 2.0-2.9 years (90.9%),2.0-2.9 years (95.4%). The proportions of fine motor delay in GDD children aged 0.0-0.9, 3.0-3.9 and 4.0-4.9 years were (74.5%, 97.4%, 96.8%) and the proportions of social self-care delay in GDD children aged 1.0- and 2.0-2.9 years were (92.1%, 95.4%). Peripheral and mild developmental delays were predominant in children with GDD. The proportion of severe language delay (6.4%) was higher than that in other fields. Conclusions: The proportion of GDD children with developmental delay in 4-5 domains was 54.5%. The most frequent domain of delay was fine motor. The frequencies of developmental delays in fine motor skills, adaptability, language, and social self-care in boys were higher than in girls. Most of the developmental delays in GDD children were marginal and mild. The rate of severe developmental delay in language was higher than in other domains.
目的： 分析全面发育迟缓（GDD）患儿的发育功能，为GDD患儿的干预提供科学依据。 方法： 收集2020年6月至2023年11月门诊32 511名GDD患儿神经心理行为检查量表检查结果。纳入标准：根据《精神障碍诊断与统计手册》第五版诊断为GDD的儿童，年龄0.0~4.9岁。排除共患有听力障碍、视力障碍的儿童。采用χ2检验进行统计分析。 结果： 门诊就诊GDD患儿中男童（68.2%）多于女童（31.8%）。患儿中，5、4、3、2个领域发育迟缓比例依次为31.1%、23.4%、22.9%、22.6%。男童2~3个领域发育迟缓比例（41.9%）少于女童（53.1%）；男童4~5个领域发育迟缓比例（58.1%）多于女童（46.9%）（χ2=352.11，P<0.001）。总的来说，门诊GDD患儿随年龄增长而减少。1.0~1.9岁到4.0~4.9岁，5个领域发育迟缓患儿比例随年龄增长而增加（18.2%、36.4%、43.9%、52.4%）。0.0~0.9岁患儿中，2个领域发育迟缓比例较高（33.4%）。1.0~1.9岁患儿中，2个、3个领域发育迟缓比例较高（均为30.7%），2.0~、3.0~、4.0~4.9岁患儿中，5个领域发育迟缓比例较高（36.4%、43.9%、52.4%）。GDD患儿中，发育迟缓频次最多的领域是精细动作（85.1%），其次是社交自理（83.9%）、语言（79.0%）、适应性（62.3%）、大运动（52.8%）；男童精细动作、适应性、语言、社交自理的发育迟缓频次均高于女童（χ2=161.37，χ2=41.19，χ2=320.90，χ2=238.54，均P<0.001）。大运动、精细动作、适应性、语言、社交自理发育迟缓发生率最高的年龄组分别为4.0~4.9岁（70.6%）、3.0~3.9岁（97.4%）、4.0~4.9岁（81.2%）、2.0~2.9岁（90.9%）、2.0~2.9岁（95.4%）。0.0~0.9、3.0~3.9、4.0~4.9岁GDD患儿精细动作发育迟缓比例较高（74.5%、97.4%、96.8%）。1.0~、2.0~2.9岁GDD患儿社交自理发育迟缓比例较高（92.1%、95.4%）。GDD患儿各领域发育迟缓以边缘和轻度为主。语言发育迟缓重度比例（6.4%）高于其他领域重度比例。 结论： GDD患儿4~5个领域发育迟缓占54.5%，发育迟缓频次最多的领域是精细动作，男童GDD发生率和严重程度高于女童，GDD患儿各领域的发育迟缓以边缘和轻度为主，语言重度发育迟缓比例高于其他领域。.