Protein-protein interactions are essential to almost all biological processes within cells. In recent years, proximity labeling technology has emerged as a cutting-edge approach for studying protein interactions and subcellular compartment proteomics. This technique enables labeling and capture of neighboring proteins by introducing chemical tags in the vicinity of a target protein. When combined with mass spectrometry, proximity labeling facilitates the effective identification of protein-protein interactions and proteomic landscapes of subcellular compartments with high spatiotemporal resolution. Compared to traditional methods, proximity labeling offers superior resolution, sensitivity, and real-time tracking capabilities，making it a powerful tool for investigating protein functions, interactions, and spatial proteomics within cells. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the principles, classifications, and applications of proximity labeling technology, aiming to offer researchers valuable insights into this innovative methodology and to promote its broader application in cell biology, proteomics, and the study of disease mechanisms.
蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用在细胞内的几乎所有生物过程中都扮演着至关重要的角色。近年来，邻近标记技术作为一种前沿实验方法，被广泛应用于细胞内蛋白质相互作用和亚细胞区室空间蛋白质组等方面的研究。这项技术通过在目标蛋白质周围引入化学标记物，实现对邻近蛋白质的标记和捕捉。结合质谱鉴定与分析，邻近标记技术能够以高时空分辨率捕捉蛋白质间的相互作用及细胞区室的蛋白质组信息。与传统方法相比，邻近标记技术凭借其高时空分辨率和高灵敏度，成为研究细胞内蛋白质功能、相互作用及蛋白质空间组学的重要工具。本文系统介绍了蛋白质邻近标记技术的原理、分类及其应用，以期为研究人员提供全面的技术视角，促进蛋白质邻近标记技术在细胞生物学、蛋白质组学以及疾病机制研究中的更广泛应用。.
Keywords: protein-protein interactions; proximity labeling technology; spatial proteome.