Gu Han Yang Sheng Jing improves major depressive disorder via attenuating neuroinflammation by inhibiting AKT1/p65 signaling pathway based on network pharmacology analysis and experimental validation

Xun Li; San-Qiao Yang; Hai-Jun Zhang; Yuan Zhong; Ge Wen; Xuan Kang; Zi-Jian Xiao

doi:10.1016/j.jep.2025.120146

Gu Han Yang Sheng Jing improves major depressive disorder via attenuating neuroinflammation by inhibiting AKT1/p65 signaling pathway based on network pharmacology analysis and experimental validation

J Ethnopharmacol. 2025 Jun 16:352:120146. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2025.120146. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Xun Li¹, San-Qiao Yang², Hai-Jun Zhang³, Yuan Zhong⁴, Ge Wen⁵, Xuan Kang⁶, Zi-Jian Xiao⁷

Affiliations

¹ Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, PR China.
² Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, PR China.
³ Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, PR China.
⁴ TUS-PHARMA Group Co., Ltd, PR China.
⁵ TUS-PHARMA Group Co., Ltd, PR China. Electronic address: 617608782@qq.com.
⁶ Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, PR China. Electronic address: kangxuan-usc@qq.com.
⁷ Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, PR China. Electronic address: zijian6340@21cn.com.

PMID: 40532804
DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2025.120146

Abstract

Ethnopharmacological relevance: Previous studies indicate that Gu Han Yang Sheng Jing (GHYSJ) exhibits neuroprotective properties in the central nervous system, but the protective effect of GHYSJ on major depressive disorder (MDD) and the precise mechanism underlying its protective effects remains unclear.

Aim of the study: This study aimed to clarify the antidepressant role of GHYSJ in MDD and the precise mechanism underlying via network pharmacology and experimental evaluations.

Materials and methods: Compounds-target-disease and protein-protein interaction network were constructed by network pharmacology to predict the potential targets of GHYSJ for the treatment of MDD. Molecular docking was used to predict the binding affinity between active components and pivotal targets. Protein expression levels were quantified via western blot analysis. The levels of proinflammatory factor were measured using ELISA kits. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to quantify Iba-1-positive cells. The antidepressant role of GHYSJ in MDD was tested by depression-like behavioral tests.

Results: This study identified a total of 94 active compounds and 185 targets of GHYSJ associated with MDD. Functional enrichment analyses revealed that inflammatory-related signalling pathways may be involved in GHYSJ-against MDD. Molecular docking demonstrated high-affinity binding between quercetin and TNF receptors. Furthermore, GHYSJ attenuated depressive-like behaviors of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-exposed rats, reduced neuroinflammation, and inhibited the AKT1/p65 signaling pathway in the hippocampus of CUMS-exposed rats, which was reversed by the treatment of SC97 (AKT1 activator).

Conclusion: Taken together, These results suggest that GHYSJ improves MDD via attenuating neuroinflammation by inhibiting AKT1/p65 signaling pathway.

Keywords: AKT1/p65 signaling pathway; Gu Han Yang Sheng Jing; Major depressive disorder; Network pharmacology; Neuroinflammation.