Induction of hyperlipidemic pancreatitis by different fatty acids: A narrative review

Abstract

Epidemiological evidence suggests that there is a direct relationship between the degree of obesity and acute pancreatitis severity. Intake of different fatty acids leads to different types of hyperlipidemias. Adipose degradation by pancreatic lipase generates different free fatty acids, which can exacerbate pancreatitis. Saturated fatty acids (SFAs) play an inflammatory role in human metabolic syndrome and obesity, whereas unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) are "good fats" that are thought to enhance overall health status. However, it appears that serum UFAs correlate with severe acute pancreatitis. Additionally, the "obesity paradox" suggests that UFAs potentially minimize direct harm to the organ. This review provides an in-depth overview of the role of SFAs and UFAs in acute pancreatitis of hyperlipidemia and discusses potential prevention targets for severe acute pancreatitis.

Keywords: Hypertriglyceridemia; M1 macrophage polarization; Saturated fatty acid; Severe acute pancreatitis; Unsaturated fatty acid.