A qualitative study on deaf individuals' access to health knowledge and services in Lebanon

Carmel Bouclaous; Majd Rachid; Leen Echtay; Racha Abdallah; Aya Abdelrazzak; Lynn Chakas

doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2025.105830

A qualitative study on deaf individuals' access to health knowledge and services in Lebanon

Public Health. 2025 Jun 20:246:105830. doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2025.105830. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Carmel Bouclaous¹, Majd Rachid², Leen Echtay², Racha Abdallah², Aya Abdelrazzak², Lynn Chakas²

Affiliations

¹ Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Lebanon. Electronic address: carmel.bouclaous@lau.edu.lb.
² Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Lebanon.

PMID: 40543229
DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2025.105830

Abstract

Objectives: This study seeks to assess the situation of Lebanese deaf individuals who use sign language, explore their understanding of common pathologies and how they acquire health knowledge, identify the challenges they encounter within the healthcare system, and gather their proposed solutions for improving health communication and services.

Study design: Focus group design.

Methods: A focus group of 10 deaf individuals was conducted. The discussions were facilitated by the research team, with a Lebanese sign language interpreter present to provide real-time translation and ensure meaningful and inclusive dialogue. Audio recordings were transcribed and coded.

Results: Findings revealed significant challenges pertaining to health literacy, patient-physician communication, limited access to sign language interpreters in healthcare settings, inadequate health information in accessible formats, difficulty in navigating the healthcare system, and lack of awareness among healthcare providers about the needs of the deaf community, leading to impaired autonomy and lack of trust.

Conclusions: Potential solutions include enhancing the accessibility of health information and patient-physician communication, especially through sign language interpretation, implementing logistical accommodations to facilitate navigation through the healthcare system, such as extended appointments, text-based booking systems, and virtual tours. Additionally, updating governmental policies and insurance guidelines, and incorporating cultural sensitivity training into medical education and practice, can significantly improve their experience. Government initiatives involving the deaf civil community must be implemented to address the structural and cultural barriers to accessible and equitable healthcare.

Keywords: Access to care; Deaf and hard-of-hearing; Equity; Health communication; Health experiences; Health literacy; Persons with disabilities; Sign language.