Understanding the biophysics of electroporation-the mechanism by which pulsed electric fields achieve tissue ablation-is essential for advancing this emerging technology. In this review, we summarize key publications from past years to provide an overview of current knowledge and future perspectives. We discuss the fundamental principles of PFA at the cellular, physical, and technical levels, along with its potential benefits and limitations. A deeper understanding of these biophysical mechanisms and the parameters required to create durable lesions may contribute to improved clinical outcomes and drive future innovation.
Keywords: ablation; atrial fibrillation; biophysics; pulsed electric field; pulsed field ablation.