Layered HARQ Design for LDPC-Based Multi-Level Coded Modulation

Yuejun Wei; Yue Chen; Chunqi Chen; Bin Xia; Liandong Wang

doi:10.3390/e27060629

Layered HARQ Design for LDPC-Based Multi-Level Coded Modulation

Entropy (Basel). 2025 Jun 13;27(6):629. doi: 10.3390/e27060629.

Authors

Yuejun Wei¹, Yue Chen¹, Chunqi Chen², Bin Xia², Liandong Wang¹

Affiliations

¹ School of Computer and Information Engineering, Shanghai Polytechnic University, Shanghai 201209, China.
² Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.

Abstract

Multi-level coded modulation (MLCM) enhances data transmission by allocating error correction more effectively to bits with higher error probabilities, thus optimizing redundancy and improving performance. Despite MLCM's advantages over traditional bit-interleaved coded modulation (BICM) systems in certain scenarios, its integration with hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) systems remains underexplored. HARQ, which combines the benefits of forward error correction (FEC) and automatic repeat request (ARQ), significantly increases resilience to interference and fading, enhancing overall system reliability. This paper bridges the gap by integrating HARQ techniques into the MLCM framework, which was specifically adapted to the layered nature of MLCM. We present tailored hybrid retransmission strategies for each layer of MLCM, demonstrating substantial gains in retransmission efficiency and overall transmission performance.

Keywords: bit rearrangement; chase combing; hybrid automatic repeat request; incremental redundancy; low-density parity check; multi-level coded modulation.