Achieving both high stability and selectivity remains a critical challenge in covalent organic frameworks (COFs) for efficient gold recovery. Herein, we present a one-step Mannich-type three-component polymerization involving 1,3,5-triformylbenzene, Meldrum's acid, and aromatic diamines to construct a series of acrylamide-linked COFs (Tb-PD-M, Tb-ND-M, and Tb-AD-M). The incorporation of acrylamide linkages enhances π-conjugation and backbone rigidity, thereby yielding COFs with high crystallinity, permanent porosity, and exceptional chemical and thermal stability under extreme conditions. Importantly, the dual coordination sites (C=O and N-H) within the acrylamide units enable robust and selective Au3+ binding through synergistic hydrogen bonding and chelation. Notably, Tb-AD-M achieves 98.5% selective Au3+ recovery from complex electronic waste leachates, even in the presence of competing metal ions. This work introduces a robust linkage strategy that not only improves COF stability but also facilitates selective metal capture for resource recovery.
Keywords: Acrylamide-linked; Au(III) adsorption; Covalent organic frameworks; Mannich reaction.
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