Association of substance use with stress-related sleep disturbance among adolescents in 76 countries: a global population-based study

J Glob Health. 2025 Jun 27:15:04195. doi: 10.7189/jogh.15.04195.

Abstract

Background: Stress-related sleep disturbance has emerged as a significant public health concern among adolescents worldwide. The independent and combined effects of substance use on stress-related sleep disturbance remain inconclusive. We aimed to explore the association of the use of substances such as tobacco and alcohol with stress-related sleep disturbance among adolescents in 76 countries.

Methods: We collected data from the global school-based student health survey, which comprised 302 181 adolescents aged 12-17 years from 76 countries. The frequency of tobacco and alcohol use in the past 30 days was categorised as follows: zero, one to two, three to nine, 10-29, and 30 days. Tobacco and alcohol use were classified into four categories: non-use, tobacco use alone, alcohol use alone, and combined use. We used multivariate logistic regression analyses to examine the independent and combined associations of tobacco and alcohol use with stress-related sleep disturbance.

Results: As the frequency of tobacco use and alcohol use increases, the proportion of stress-related sleep disturbance among adolescents shows an upward trend (for tobacco use 8.3-27.4%, for alcohol use 6.7-28.9%). Compared to non-drinkers, the odds of having stress-related sleep disturbance increased with frequency of drinking from one to two days to 30 days (from odds ratio (OR) = 1.53; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.31-1.78 to OR = 3.13; 95% CI = 1.99-4.90), as well as with the frequency of tobacco use (from OR = 1.11; 95% CI = 0.88-1.39 to OR = 1.98; 95% CI = 1.39-2.81) during the past 30 days.

Conclusions: We found both tobacco and alcohol use, as well as their combination, were associated with stress-related sleep disturbance. These findings emphasise the need to strengthen the prevention and control of tobacco and alcohol use among adolescents in order to reduce stress-related sleep disturbance and improve sleep quality.

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Alcohol Drinking* / epidemiology
  • Child
  • Cross-Sectional Studies
  • Female
  • Global Health* / statistics & numerical data
  • Health Surveys
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Sleep Wake Disorders* / epidemiology
  • Sleep Wake Disorders* / etiology
  • Stress, Psychological* / complications
  • Stress, Psychological* / epidemiology
  • Substance-Related Disorders* / epidemiology