Objective: dietary plant protein exerts a preventative effect on the incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, no epidemiological study has explored whether dietary plant protein can mitigate the impact of sedentary behavior on the kidneys. This study investigates the relationship between sedentary behavior and the risk of CKD in the US population and the effect of dietary plant protein intake on CKD incidence in sedentary individuals.
Methods: data was collected from the 2007-2018 Continuous National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Weighted binary logistic regression was adopted to investigate the association between sedentary behavior and CKD risk. Weighted binary logistic regression and restricted cubic spline were performed to evaluate the correlation between dietary plant protein and CKD risk in sedentary individuals.
Results: participants with higher sedentary behavior (≥ 6 h/day) had a 1.13 times higher risk of developing CKD than those with lower sedentary behavior (< 6 h/day). In participants with higher sedentary behavior, intake of a higher plant protein ratio was associated with reduced CKD risk. In a continuous model, after adjusting for all covariates, each 10 % increase in plant protein ratio decreased CKD risk by 35.4 % (odds ratio (OR), 0.646; 95 % confidence interval (CI), 0.465-0.899). Compared with the lowest quartile, the OR for the highest quartiles was 0.740 in a categorical model (95 % CI, 0.614-0.893).
Conclusion: moderate dietary plant protein can alleviate the detrimental effects of sedentary behavior on the kidneys, reducing the incidence of CKD.