Fast-Charging MXene/TiN-Confined In2Se3 Anode with Dual Hydrogen-Bonding Synergy for High-Capacity Ammonium-Ion Storage

Ayesha Irfan; Inaam Ullah; Mai Li; Xiang Peng; Salamat Ali; Muhammad Zubair Nawaz; Ping Zhong; Renchao Che

doi:10.1002/adma.202509246

Fast-Charging MXene/TiN-Confined In₂Se₃ Anode with Dual Hydrogen-Bonding Synergy for High-Capacity Ammonium-Ion Storage

Adv Mater. 2025 Jun 27:e2509246. doi: 10.1002/adma.202509246. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Ayesha Irfan¹, Inaam Ullah¹, Mai Li¹, Xiang Peng², Salamat Ali³, Muhammad Zubair Nawaz⁴, Ping Zhong¹, Renchao Che^{1

5}

Affiliations

¹ College of Physics, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China.
² Hubei Key Laboratory of Plasma Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Engineering Research Center of Phosphorus Resources Development and Utilization of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, China.
³ School of Materials and Energy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
⁴ Laboratory of 2D Optoelectronics and Nanoelectronics (L2DON), Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
⁵ Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Sate Key Laboratory of Coatings for Advanced Equipment, College of Smart Materials and Future Energy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.

PMID: 40576529
DOI: 10.1002/adma.202509246

Abstract

Aqueous ammonium-ion (NH₄ ⁺) based hybrid pseudocapacitors (NH-HPCs) integrate sustainability and cost-effectiveness, yet their cycling stability is critically challenged by sluggish NH₄ ⁺ transport, particularly in MXene-based anodes. Herein, NH₃-induced N-functionalization fabricates a MXene/TiN conductive substrate, enabling confined rotary hydrothermal growth of indium selenide (In₂Se₃) nanoparticles into an In₂Se₃@MXene/TiN heterostructure. Directional Ti─N bonds suppress MXene stacking and In₂Se₃ agglomeration while synergizing charge-redistribution-induced lattice strain with hierarchical 2-5 nm pore channels, enabling ultrafast NH₄ ⁺ migration. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations confirm electron-deficient Ti sites and dual Se···H─N/Ti─N···H hydrogen bonds enhance NH₄ ⁺ adsorption, where intensified charge polarization and optimized orbital hybridization boost ion storage kinetics and structural stability. The heterostructure anode delivers 1776.1 F g^-1 at 1 A g^-1 with 98.84% capacitance retention over 6000 cycles. In full-cell configuration (In₂Se₃@MXene/TiN//AC), the NH-HPC achieves 85.45 Wh kg^-1 at 800 W kg^-1-powering a commercial mini-fan for >4 min after 30 s charging. A modular pouch-cell version reaches 98.2 Wh kg^-1 (800 W kg^-1), demonstrating exceptional stability during bending/flame tests while operating light emitting diodes array (LEDs). This work highlights interfacial charge synergy in confined heterostructures for unprecedented NH₄ ⁺ storage capacity and stability, advancing high-performance ammonium-ion energy storage.

Keywords: MXene; N‐functionalization; ammonium‐ion storage; indium selenide; interfacial charge synergy.

Abstract

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