Childhood liver cirrhosis in a resource-limited area: A case report

Abstract

Introduction: Pediatric liver cirrhosis is a rare condition but can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. Congenital or metabolic disorders often cause it. Early diagnosis is critical to prevent progression to advanced stages. This case report highlights the diagnostic challenges of pediatric liver cirrhosis, particularly in resource-limited settings.

Case presentation: A 16-month-old male presented with fever, abdominal distension, poor feeding, weight loss, and diarrhea. On examination, he exhibited jaundice, splenomegaly, and ascites. Laboratory investigations revealed pancytopenia and mildly elevated liver enzymes, while abdominal ultrasound showed cirrhotic changes in the liver and signs of portal hypertension. The patient was managed with blood transfusions, antimalarial therapy, and nutritional support, leading to clinical stabilization.

Discussion: Pediatric cirrhosis often goes undiagnosed until complications such as portal hypertension develop. The differential diagnosis includes malnutrition, which can present with similar clinical features. While congenital and metabolic disorders are common causes in younger children, older children may develop cirrhosis due to conditions like autoimmune hepatitis or other metabolic diseases. Nutritional management is essential, as malnutrition can exacerbate liver disease. Imaging studies are helpful for diagnosis, but liver biopsy remains the gold standard for confirmation.

Conclusion: Early diagnosis of pediatric cirrhosis is vital for effective treatment. In resource-limited settings, improving access to diagnostic tools and prioritizing nutritional support are key disease management components.

Keywords: Diagnostic tools; Early diagnosis; Management; Nutritional support; Resource-limited settings.