Global, regional, and national burden of renal anemia, 1990 to 2019 and prediction to 2050

Yifan Li; Liting Gao; Yixuan Chen; Junkun Wang; Zilong Hu; Tian Zhao; Hongjun Tian; Deguang Wang; Wenbin Wang; Danfeng Zhang

doi:10.1093/ndt/gfaf102

Global, regional, and national burden of renal anemia, 1990 to 2019 and prediction to 2050

Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2025 Jun 20:gfaf102. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfaf102. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Yifan Li¹, Liting Gao^{2

3

4}, Yixuan Chen^{5

6}, Junkun Wang^{5

6}, Zilong Hu^{5

6}, Tian Zhao⁴, Hongjun Tian¹, Deguang Wang^{2

3}, Wenbin Wang^{5

6}, Danfeng Zhang^{2

3

4}

Affiliations

¹ Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
² Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
³ Institute of Kidney Disease, Inflammation & Immunity-mediated Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
⁴ Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, the Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
⁵ Department of General Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
⁶ Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, Hefei, China.

PMID: 40578831
DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfaf102

Abstract

Background and hypothesis: CKD is one of the most prevalent non-communicable health concerns worldwide, and anemia is a premier common complication of CKD. However, the analysis of its prevalence and years lived with disability (YLDs), and trends in the population on a global scale is lacking. Our study aimed to provide a comprehensive assessment of burden of anemia associated to CKD from 1990 to 2019 and predictions to 2050.

Methods: This study used data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study 2019. The prevalence and YLDs of CKD-associated anemia were analyzed by globe, 5 socio-demographic index (SDI) regions, 21 geographical regions, and 204 countries and territories separately. The hierarchical age-period-cohort (APC) model is adopted to estimates the temporal trends from 1990 to 2019. The Bayesian APC models is used to predict the burden of CKD-associated anemia from 2020 to 2050. Finally, the burden of CKD-associated anemia was analyzed by age and sex separately.

Results: From 1990 to 2019, the global disease burden of CKD-associated anemia had increased dramatically. A higher age-standardized prevalence rate (ASR) of CKD-associated anemia was observed in Low-middle SDI and a decreasing trend of age-standardized prevalence rate associated with severe anemia in all SDI regions. The prevalence number of CKD-associated anemia were projected to exceed 124 million by 2050.

Conclusion: In summary, a significant burden of anemia associated to CKD is projected to continue increasing until 2050, with noticeable regional discrepancies. Findings here are valuable to deploy efficient measures to address the evolving public health challenge posed by anemia from CKD.

Keywords: CKD; GBD; anemia; impairment; prediction.

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