Current bone defect scaffold designs prioritize material-based repair over incorporating the periosteum's natural stress state, a critical factor in bone regeneration. In this study, we developed an artificial periosteum with magnetic response properties for bone repair. This artificial periosteum mimics the natural periosteum by generating tensile deformation in response to an applied magnetic field, thereby replicating the mechanical forces experienced in vivo. Following magnetic stretching, the artificial periosteum elongated by approximately 8 %, simulating the tensile forces it would experience in vivo. We assessed the magnetic properties, physicochemical properties, and hemocompatibility of the artificial periosteum. In vitro experiments demonstrate that the artificial periosteum exhibits cytocompatibility. Magnetic field-induced tensile stress aligns the cytoskeleton along the tensile direction, promoting cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. Furthermore, magnetic stretching enhanced the release of stromal-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α) from periosteum-derived cells (PDCs), subsequently facilitating cell migration. Additionally, subcutaneous implantation experiments in vivo demonstrate the pro-angiogenic properties of the artificial periosteum and its ability to modulate macrophage polarity. The findings of this study offer a theoretical foundation for the design and development of artificial periosteum scaffolds that replicate the mechanical properties of natural periosteum.
Keywords: Bone repair; Magnetic nanoparticles; Mechanical microenvironment; Periosteum; Tensile stimulation.
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