Penaeus chinensis Nearing a Critical Threshold of Susceptibility to Decapod Iridescent Virus 1

Xiao-Meng Guo; Guo-Hao Wang; Xiao-Ling Chen; Jing-Yi Xing; Liang Qiu; Jia-Yun Yao; Jie Huang

doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110523

Penaeus chinensis Nearing a Critical Threshold of Susceptibility to Decapod Iridescent Virus 1

Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2025 Jun 26:110523. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110523. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Xiao-Meng Guo¹, Guo-Hao Wang¹, Xiao-Ling Chen², Jing-Yi Xing³, Liang Qiu⁴, Jia-Yun Yao⁵, Jie Huang⁶

Affiliations

¹ State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Qingdao Key Laboratory of Mariculture Epidemiology and Biosecurity Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
² Rizhao Fishery Technology Extension Station, Rizhao, 276800, China.
³ State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Qingdao Key Laboratory of Mariculture Epidemiology and Biosecurity Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; College of Aquaculture, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, China.
⁴ State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Qingdao Key Laboratory of Mariculture Epidemiology and Biosecurity Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China. Electronic address: qiuliang@ysfri.ac.cn.
⁵ Key Laboratory of Healthy Freshwater Aquaculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Fish Health and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, Huzhou 313001, China. Electronic address: yaojiayun@126.com.
⁶ State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Qingdao Key Laboratory of Mariculture Epidemiology and Biosecurity Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.

PMID: 40581310
DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110523

Abstract

This study delves into the susceptibility of Chinese shrimp, Penaeus chinensis, to Decapod iridescent virus 1 (DIV1), a pathogen of significant concern in crustacean aquaculture. Our research meticulously evaluated the infection potential of DIV1 through both invasive (intramuscular injection) and non-invasive (per os) experimental methodologies. The outcomes revealed that intramuscular injection effectively induced infection in P. chinensis, manifesting clinical signs and resulting in 100% mortality within five days post-infection (dpi). In contrast, per os challenge resulted in a low viral load infection at 3 day post-infection (dpi), which did not persist beyond the 9 dpi, showing a late-stage clearance of iDIV1. These results were corroborated through molecular detection, histopathological examination, in situ DIG-labeling loop-mediated isothermal amplification (ISDL), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The study concludes that, while P. chinensis is not considered a susceptible host for DIV1, its susceptibility is nearing a critical threshold. These findings underscore the imperative for continuous virus surveillance and research into host susceptibility to preempt potential economic repercussions for the aquaculture industry.

Keywords: Decapod iridescent virus 1; Penaeus chinensis; non-invasive challenge mimicking nature transmission pathway; susceptible species.