LeFort and Complex Midface Fractures

Abstract

Midfacial fractures, including LeFort fractures, are common injuries resulting from high-impact trauma. These fractures affect critical anatomic structures, including the maxilla, zygomaticomaxillary complex, and naso-orbito-ethmoid regions, leading to significant functional and aesthetic consequences. This article provides an in-depth analysis of fracture classification, clinical presentation, and diagnostic techniques, highlighting the role of computed tomography, three-dimensional imaging, and emerging technologies in fracture detection and surgical planning. Management strategies, advances in computer-aided surgery and 3D printing, and complications alongside innovative solutions for prevention and management are discussed. This article also aims to guide clinicians in the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of these complex injuries.

Keywords: Computer-aided surgery; Craniomaxillofacial trauma; LeFort fractures; Midface trauma; Zygomaticomaxillary complex (ZMC) fractures.