Electronic speckle pattern interferometry (ESPI) is a non-contact, full field, real-time measurement technology, which judges the position and size of the internal defects of the object through the external deformation caused by the internal defects under certain loading conditions. We present the effect of loading mode and loading parameters to the defect detection. Firstly, the finite element analysis method is used to establish models to simulate the defect detection of aluminum plates under different loading conditions. Mechanical models are established to simulate different loading mode, loading sizes, defect depth and defect sizes. Secondly, the interpolation method based on partial differential equation is applied to obtain the whole field out-of-plane displacement after finite element analysis. Thirdly, by analyzing the interference fringe patterns obtained from the out-of-plane displacement caused by different defects, the deformation rules in the detection of internal defects of aluminum plates are obtained under different loading conditions. Finally, the loading mode and loading range suitable for the internal defect detection of aluminum materials are summarized. This method can provide a basis for the selection of loading mode and parameters in the ESPI experimental system.
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