Cas12a Cis-cleavage mediated lateral flow assay enables multiplex and ultra-specific nucleic acid detection

Nat Commun. 2025 Jul 1;16(1):5597. doi: 10.1038/s41467-025-60917-9.

Abstract

CRISPR technology holds significant promise for advancing nucleic acid assays. However, current CRISPR diagnostic techniques, reliant on indiscriminate trans-cleavage mechanisms, face challenges in developing multiplex detection formats. Moreover, chaotic trans-cleavage activity often results from mismatched targets, leading to specificity issues. To address these limitations, here we exploit a double-key recognition mechanism based on CRISPR-Cas12a cis-cleavage and invasive hybridization identification of released sticky-end DNA products. By integrating multiplexed nucleic acid amplification, the double-key Cas12a detection mechanism, and a lateral flow detection platform, we develop a method termed Cas12a cis-cleavage mediated lateral flow assay (cc-LFA). We demonstrate that the cc-LFA exhibited superior specificity compared to three mainstream trans-cleavage-based CRISPR diagnostic techniques, achieving single-base resolution detection free from high-concentration wild-type DNA background interference. cc-LFA is also applied for highly specific detection of multiple respiratory pathogen samples and precise multiplexed detection of nine high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) subtypes, achieving over 90% sensitivity and 100% specificity, respectively. Additionally, we present a portable device to automate nucleic acid amplification and strip detection procedures, showcasing the potential of cc-LFA for future applications in decentralized laboratory scenarios.

MeSH terms

  • Bacterial Proteins* / genetics
  • Bacterial Proteins* / metabolism
  • CRISPR-Associated Proteins* / genetics
  • CRISPR-Associated Proteins* / metabolism
  • CRISPR-Cas Systems* / genetics
  • Endodeoxyribonucleases* / genetics
  • Endodeoxyribonucleases* / metabolism
  • Humans
  • Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques* / methods
  • Nucleic Acid Hybridization
  • Nucleic Acids* / analysis
  • Nucleic Acids* / genetics
  • Sensitivity and Specificity

Substances

  • Cas12a protein
  • Endodeoxyribonucleases
  • CRISPR-Associated Proteins
  • Bacterial Proteins
  • Nucleic Acids