The relationship between menstrual issues and depressive and anxiety symptoms in Chinese adolescent female inpatients: a cross-sectional questionnaire-based investigation

BMC Psychol. 2025 Jul 1;13(1):675. doi: 10.1186/s40359-025-03025-z.

Abstract

Objective: Depression and anxiety have shown a rising prevalence among adolescent females and often coexist with a range of menstruation-related disturbances. This study aimed to examine the associations between menstrual pain, cycle irregularities, and other menstruation-related factors and symptoms of depression and anxiety in this population.

Methods: Data from adolescent female inpatients visiting a psychiatry department were collected through a self-administered questionnaire survey.

Results: The study included 389 participants, with a prevalence rate of 68.4% and 94.1% for dysmenorrhea and irregular menstrual cycles, respectively. This study revealed that a later age at menarche, dysmenorrhea, and irregular cycles were closely linked to an increased risk of depression and anxiety. Additionally, a higher body mass index (BMI) (> 28 kg/m²) was also associated with increased risk after adjustment. Notably, the peak prevalence of psychological issues, such as anxiety and depression, occurred 1-2 years after menarche (49.1%), rather than at the time of menarche itself. Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between age and age at menarche (r = 0.482, p < 0.001), indicating a trend toward earlier menarche.

Conclusion: This research enhances our understanding of the impact of menstrual health on the mental health of adolescent females and highlights the complex interaction between menstrual health and mental well-being.

Keywords: Adolescent females; Anxiety; Depression; Menstrual issues.

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Age Factors
  • Anxiety* / epidemiology
  • Anxiety* / psychology
  • Body Mass Index
  • China / epidemiology
  • Cross-Sectional Studies
  • Depression* / epidemiology
  • Depression* / psychology
  • Dysmenorrhea* / epidemiology
  • Dysmenorrhea* / psychology
  • East Asian People
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Inpatients / psychology
  • Menarche / psychology
  • Menstruation Disturbances* / epidemiology
  • Menstruation Disturbances* / psychology
  • Prevalence
  • Surveys and Questionnaires

Supplementary concepts

  • Chinese people