Food synthetic biology aims to improve the production of functional food molecules such as carbohydrates, proteins, and fats through genetically manipulating cellular metabolism. However, these projects often face challenges due to the inherent complexity of metabolic networks and a lack of effective design frameworks. To address this, we propose a conceptual and operational framework called the pipeline metabolic model. This model abstracts metabolism into a network of pipes (metabolic pathways) and valves (key enzymes), enabling more intuitive visualization and modular engineering. Compared with traditional modular approaches, the pipeline model separates enzyme-level control from pathway-level optimization, allowing for simplified design logic. We illustrate the utility of this model using a case study of lacto-N-tetraose (LNT) synthesis and explore its broader implications for food-specific challenges. This approach ultimately aims to reduce the barriers to synthetic biology research and foster innovation in sustainable food production.
Keywords: food synthetic biology; metabolic engineering; modular design; pipeline metabolic model; sustainable production.