Ecological management zoning is the key to cope with the imbalance between ecosystem service supply and demand induced by rapid urbanization, and it is of great significance in solving the problems of ecological damage and impaired ecosystem services. Taking Huhhot, a typical city in arid and semi-arid areas, as an example, we measured the supply of four typical ecosystem services, namely, water yield (WY), carbon storage (CS), soil conservation (SC), and habitat quality (HQ), from 2000 to 2020 using InVEST model, and measured the demand based on multi-source data. We used the Z-score standardization method and the coupling coordination degree model to analyze the matching types of ecosystem service supply-demand and the coupling coordination degree at the grid scale, and delineated the ecological management zoning. The results showed that the supply of WY and SC increased and the supply of CS and HQ decreased between 2000 and 2020. The supply of ecosystem services was lower in the central city and higher in the northern mountains and southern hills. There was an overall upward trend in the demand for four ecosystem services. The demand for WY was higher in the central and northern parts. The demand for CS and HQ was higher near the central city. The demand for SC was higher in the northern mountains and southern hills. There was a mismatch between the supply of and demand for ecosystem services, with areas of low supply and high demand for WY, CS and HQ in the vicinity of the central city. The average value of the coupling coordination degree of supply and demand was 0.46, which was on the verge of becoming dysfunctional. Hohhot City was divided into four ecological management zones, i.e. ecological function protection zones focusing on ecological conservation, ecological conservation zones focusing on ecological protection and construction, ecological general protection zones to promote economic development, and important urban zones focusing on high-quality development.
生态管理分区是应对快速城市化导致生态系统服务供需失衡问题的关键,对于解决生态破坏和生态系统服务受损问题具有重要意义。以我国干旱半干旱地区的典型城市呼和浩特市为例,选取产水服务、固碳服务、土壤保持、生境质量4项典型生态系统服务,利用InVEST模型测算2000—2020年呼和浩特市生态系统服务供给,基于多源数据测算需求;利用Z-score标准化方法和耦合协调度模型,分析格网尺度下生态系统服务供需匹配类型和耦合协调度,并进一步划定生态管理分区。结果表明: 2000—2020年间,研究区产水和土壤保持供给均上升,固碳和生境质量供给均下降,其中,中心城区生态系统服务供给较低,北部山地和南部丘陵的生态系统服务供给较高;4项生态系统服务需求整体呈上升趋势,其中,中部和北部的产水需求高,中心城区的固碳和生境质量需求较高,北部山地和南部丘陵的土壤保持需求迫切;研究区生态系统服务供需不匹配,在中心城区附近存在产水、固碳和生境质量低供给-高需求区域,供需耦合协调度平均值为0.46,表现为濒临失调。将呼和浩特市划分为4个生态管理分区,生态功能保护区应以生态保育为主,生态涵养区应以生态保护和建设并重,生态一般保护区应推动经济发展,重要城市化区应注重高质量发展。.
Keywords: Hohhot City; coupling coordination; ecological management zoning; ecosystem service; supply and demand matching.