Artificial intelligence in the diagnosis of temporomandibular joint disorders using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT)

Sunil Kar; Gopal Srivastava; Nidhi Hirani; Aditya S Dupare; Sameer Gupta; Souhardya Roy

doi:10.6026/973206300210805

Artificial intelligence in the diagnosis of temporomandibular joint disorders using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT)

Bioinformation. 2025 Apr 30;21(4):805-808. doi: 10.6026/973206300210805. eCollection 2025.

Authors

Sunil Kar¹, Gopal Srivastava², Nidhi Hirani³, Aditya S Dupare⁴, Sameer Gupta⁵, Souhardya Roy⁶

Affiliations

¹ Department of Prosthodontics, IDS, Soa University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
² Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Government Dental College Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
³ Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Dharmsinh Desai University, Chalali, Nadiad, Gujarat, India.
⁴ Department of Oral Medicine Diagnosis & Radiology, Yogita Dental College & Hospital, Khed, Dist Ratnagiri, Maharashtra, India.
⁵ Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Inderprastha Dental College and Hospital, Sahibabad, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.
⁶ Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.

Abstract

Temporomandibular joint disorders represent disorders which hinder the proper functioning of TMJ alongside causing pain-related problems. Therefore, it is of interest to analyse 150 CBCT scans using AI integration methods applied for TMD diagnosis. The AI-generated model displayed 92.4% accurate results and 90.8% sensitivity together with 93.7% specificity at a 0.95 AUC that matched radiologist agreement at κ = 0.89. The availability of AI diagnostics cut down diagnostic assessment time to deliver higher efficiency together with greater consistency. The future application of AI-assisted CBCT analysis appears promising yet needs additional verification steps before it becomes clinically available for broader medical use.

Keywords: Artificial intelligence; TMJ diagnosis; cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT); deep learning; radiology automation; temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD).