Heterojunction-Engineered g-C3N4/TiO2 Nanocomposites with Superior Bilirubin Removal Efficiency for Enhanced Hemoperfusion Therapy

Molecules. 2025 Jun 25;30(13):2729. doi: 10.3390/molecules30132729.

Abstract

The g-C3N4/TiO2 intercalation composite material was successfully synthesized and used as the adsorbent in the hemoperfusion device. Then, the cytotoxicity and hemolysis rate were studied. The experimental results proved that g-C3N4/TiO2 was non-toxic to cells and would not cause hemolysis. The adsorption and removal performance of the composite material for bilirubin (BR) was explored as well. The maximum adsorption capacity for BR was 850 mg·g-1. Compared with the chemical hemoperfusion adsorbent coconut shell activated carbon (AC), the g-C3N4/TiO2 material presented excellent adsorption performance. Furthermore, SEM, infrared spectroscopy, XPS and other characterizations results indicated that g-C3N4/TiO2 has an effective adsorption effect on bilirubin, and the main adsorption mechanism is chemical adsorption. This study demonstrates that g-C3N4/TiO2 may be a potential adsorbent for hemoperfusion in the treatment of hyperbilirubinemia.

Keywords: adsorbent; bilirubin (BR); g-C3N4/TiO2; hemoperfusion.

MeSH terms

  • Adsorption
  • Animals
  • Bilirubin* / chemistry
  • Bilirubin* / isolation & purification
  • Graphite* / chemistry
  • Hemolysis / drug effects
  • Hemoperfusion* / methods
  • Humans
  • Nanocomposites* / chemistry
  • Nitrogen Compounds
  • Titanium* / chemistry

Substances

  • Titanium
  • titanium dioxide
  • Bilirubin
  • graphitic carbon nitride
  • Graphite
  • Nitrogen Compounds