Blockade of Dopamine D3 Receptors in the Ventral Tegmental Area Mitigates Fear Memory Generalization

Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Jul 7;26(13):6520. doi: 10.3390/ijms26136520.

Abstract

The generalization of fear memories is an adaptive neurobiological process that promotes survival in complex and dynamic environments. While generalization has adaptive value, fear generalization is maladaptive and is a significant feature of stress-related disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The dopamine system plays a crucial role in both reward- and fear-related processes; however, the contribution of dopamine D3 receptors (D3Rs) to fear generalization in intense foot-shock models remains unclear. In this study, we administered a highly selective D3R antagonist, YQA14 (1 μg/0.2 μL/side), in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), which significantly inhibited fear generalization in novel contexts within foot-shock models. This effect was mediated by reducing the neuronal activity in the basolateral amygdala (BLA). These findings enhance our understanding of the neurobiology of generalization, which is essential from a translational perspective and has broad implications for treating generalized fear disorders.

Keywords: basolateral amygdala; dopamine D3 receptor; fear generalization; ventral tegmental area.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Basolateral Nuclear Complex / drug effects
  • Basolateral Nuclear Complex / metabolism
  • Dopamine Antagonists* / pharmacology
  • Fear* / drug effects
  • Fear* / physiology
  • Generalization, Psychological* / drug effects
  • Male
  • Memory* / drug effects
  • Memory* / physiology
  • Rats
  • Rats, Sprague-Dawley
  • Receptors, Dopamine D3* / antagonists & inhibitors
  • Receptors, Dopamine D3* / metabolism
  • Ventral Tegmental Area* / drug effects
  • Ventral Tegmental Area* / metabolism
  • Ventral Tegmental Area* / physiology

Substances

  • Receptors, Dopamine D3
  • Dopamine Antagonists