Abstract
Enhancer activities have been observed in DNA fragments up to 1.36 kb long located on the 3'-side of the cluster of the three alpha-type globin-encoding genes in duck [Kretsovali et al., C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris 307 (1988) 563-568] and chicken [Knezetic and Felsenfeld, Mol. Cell. Biol. 9 (1989) 893-901]. We report here the identification of a chicken silencer element placed upstream from the three GATA-1 sites which constitute the core enhancer element in both species. This silencer element can autonomously reduce the activity of promoters for thymidine kinase and alpha D globin. Band shifts and DNase I footprinting experiments using nuclear extracts from thermosensitive avian erythroblastosis virus-transformed chicken erythroblasts led to the delineation of three sites for DNA-binding proteins within the silencer element.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MeSH terms
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Animals
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Base Sequence
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Cell Line, Transformed
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Chickens / genetics
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Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase / metabolism
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Conserved Sequence
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DNA-Binding Proteins / analysis
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Deoxyribonuclease I / metabolism
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Down-Regulation
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Ducks / genetics
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Enhancer Elements, Genetic
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Erythroblasts
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Globins / genetics*
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Molecular Sequence Data
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Nuclear Proteins / metabolism
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Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length
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Poultry / genetics*
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Promoter Regions, Genetic
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Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid*
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Repressor Proteins / physiology
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Sequence Alignment
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Sequence Analysis, DNA / methods
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Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
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Thymidine Kinase / genetics
Substances
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DNA-Binding Proteins
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Nuclear Proteins
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Repressor Proteins
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Globins
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Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase
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Thymidine Kinase
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Deoxyribonuclease I
Associated data
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GENBANK/L03653
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GENBANK/L03654
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GENBANK/L05530
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GENBANK/L07632
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GENBANK/M96931
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GENBANK/M96932
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GENBANK/M96933
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GENBANK/X54209
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GENBANK/X56801
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GENBANK/X56952