In summary, BD pancreas graft survival rates in SPK recipients were similar to those for other solid organs in both the United and non-United States. In this category more than 90% of the patients were alive at 1 year, more than 80% had functioning kidney grafts, and more than 70% were insulin independent. Most solitary pancreas transplants (PAK and PTA categories) have been performed in the United States, and approximately one half of the grafts have functioned for 1 or more years. The potential for further improvement in results is greatest in the latter two groups.